Answers

  1. Port – Left, Starboard Right
    1. Port tack – Wind from port, boom to starboard
    2. Starboard Tack – Wind from starboard, boom to port

  2. Giving Way
      1. Head on- Both vessels turn to Starboard
      2. Crossing – The vessel with the other on its starboard side gives way – pass behind or tack
      3. Overtaking the overtaking vessel must give way to the vessel being overtaken
      4. Port tack gives way to starboard on all points of sail – tack or bear away
      5. Yachts on same tack - the windward yacht keeps clear

    1. Sound Signals
      1. · I am turning to starboard
      2. · · I am turning to port
      3. · · · My engines are running astern
      4. · · · · · What are your intentions

    2. Narrow Channels
      1. Power does not necessarily give way to sail
      2. Cross a channel at right angles as quickly as possible
      3. If possible sail outside the main channel
      4. If in a channel – as far to starboard as possible
      5. Do not anchor in a narrow or busy channel

    3. Order of priority – highest first
      1. Vessel restricted in ability to manoeuvre
      2. Vessel constrained by draught
      3. Vessel engaged in fishing
      4. Vessel under sail
      5. Vessel motoring

    Vessel not under command?

  3. General Safety
    1. Helicopter Procedures
      1. Be prepared to receive detailed instructions before their arrival
      2. Listen carefully – if possible make notes
      3. Steer a steady straight course – usually wind 30° off port bow
      4. Hi-line (weighted) may be sent down first
      5. Let line earth by touching the water
      6. Gather in slack but do not attach to boat
      7. Crewman will be lowered – pull towards boat as directed

 

  1. Safety in Fog and Rough Weather
    1. In fog reduce speed to safe level
    2. Take down sail
    3. Sound Signals
        1. Sail – dash dot dot (D) every 2 minutes
        2. Power – Dash every 2 minutes
        3. Stopped – Dash Dash every 2minutes
    4. Radar reflector
    5. Lookout - visual and sound (turn engine off from time to time)
    6. Navigation lights on
    7. Bright white flares
    8. Avoid shipping lanes and deep water (big ships)
    9. Keep clear of dangerous coasts
    10. Follow depth contour
    11. Stop or Anchor
    12. Buoy hop – plan each leg
    13. Must use radar if fitted
    14. Lifejackets on, Harness on Liferaft ready
    15. EP every half hour at least
    16. Reassess tides
    17. Echo sounder on
    18. Use GPS
    19. Keep Log
    20. Beware false headlands
    21. Note tracks of other vessels
    22. Risk of collision – Sound signal, bearing, closing speed
    23. Change course and speed

  2. Heavy Weather – forecast winds Force 5 – 8
    3.
      1. Rest as much as possible to be ready
      2. Shorten sail before it arrives
      3. Secure all loose items
      4. Batten down
      5. Check Life-raft
      6. Heave to or run
      7. Sea Anchor, drogue
      8. Prepare Hot food and drinks
      9. Warm clothes and oilskins
      10. Seasickness tablets
      11. Lifejackets on
      12. Harness anyone on deck

 

  1. Anchor Types and Uses
    1. Delta – main anchor, designed to stay on bow roller
    2. Bruce – Main anchor, awkward to stow
    3. Danforth – Folds flat, kedge can be difficult to break ot
    4. CQR(plough) – Main hard to stow can capsize
    5. Fishermans – Good for rocks and weed, poor holding in sand and mud

  2. Warps & Scopes
    1. Chain 4* depth,
    2. Warp 6* depth,
    3. Mix 5-6* depth

  3. Distress Flares and Uses
    1. Rockets – fire vertically or 15° downwind if very windy or at 45° if low cloud
    2. Parachute flares – fire as for rockets, long range (offshore)
    3. Fire two about 1 min apart
    4. Orange smoke – daytime location
    5. Red hand flare – at night pinpoint location
    6. White – anti collision

  4. Legend

    5.  

    Super(light)buoy, Lanby.

     

    Light buoy.

    Lateral green starboard hand buoy.

     

    Lateral red port hand buoy.

    Safe water mark (red/white).

     

    Cardinal buoy, West mark.

    Stone; drying height above chart datum.

     

    Foul seabed. Avoid anchoring here.

    Danger, least depth by sounding.

     

    Danger, depth swept by wire drag.

    Wreck visible at chart datum.

     

    Wreck showing Mast(s) above chart datum.

    Dangerous! Wreck, depth unknown.

     

    Wreck, not dangerous (10 m below chart datum).

    Position for which tidal levels are tabulated.

     

    Position for which tidal stream data are tabulated.

    Sector light, color changes on different bearings.

     

    Danger line, in general.

    Oil rig, prohibited zone of 500 m.

     

    Lighted platform, prohibited zone of 500 m.

     

    Obstn

    Obstruction.

     

    Wd

    Seaweed, describes seabed.

    PA

    Position Approximate.

     

    P

    Pebbles, the seabed.

    St

    Stones - Danger.

     

    Whis

    Whistle Buoy.

    FL 42m 29M

    Flashing light, 42 meters above datum, range 29'.

     

    LFl 10s

    Long flashing light, period 10 seconds.

     

  5. Special Notices

    6. What is this?

     

  6. Chart Information
    7.

    Drying heights – measured above chart datum

    Heights of features – given above MHWS

    Depths – measured below chart datum

  7. Tidal Streams sources and use of information
    8.
    1. Tidal Diamonds
    2. Tidal Stream Atlas’s
    3. Tide Tables
    4. Tidal Curves
    5. Add 1hour for BST
    6. Calculation
      1. Find time and heights of HW & LW at the nearest port
      2. Determine whether it is springs, neaps or in between
      3. Determine how may hours before or after HW for the time
      4. Find nearest tidal diamond to your position – read off the tidal direction and rate appropriate to the type and time of tide
      5. Or use a tidal atlas finding the nearest arrow to your position

     

  8. Sources of weather forecasts
    9.
    1. Ashore
      1. Radio 4
        1. Shipping Forecasts
        2. Reports from Coastal Stations
        3. Inshore waters forecast
        4. Strong wind warnings
      2. UK met office
      3. Local Radio
      4. Telephone Marinecall
        1. 5 day forecasts for inshore waters
        2. Current weather
        3. Offshore planning
      5. FAX
      6. Internet
    2. At sea
      1. Radio 4 if in range
      2. Local Radio in Range
      3. Marinecall by mobile if in Range
      4. Navtex
      5. HM Coastguard on various channels after announcement on Ch 16

     

  9. Beaufort Scale

    10. Force

    Windspeed
    Knots

    Description

    Sea Condition

    Description & Wave Height

    0

    0

    Calm

    Sea like a mirror

    Calm

    0.0

    1

    1 - 3

    Light Air

    Ripples but without foam crests

    Calm

    0.0

    2

    4 - 6

    Light Breeze

    Small wavelets. Crests do not break

    Smooth

    0.1

    3

    7 - 10

    Gentle Breeze

    Large wavelets. Perhaps scattered white horses

    Slight

    0.5

    4

    11 - 16

    Moderate Breeze

    Small waves. Fairly frequent white horses.

    Slight

    1.0m

    5

    17 - 21

    Fresh Breeze

    Moderate waves, many white horses

    Moderate

    2.0m

    6

    22 - 27

    Strong Breeze

    Large waves begin to form; white foam crests, probably spray

    Rough

    3.0m

    7

    28 - 33

    Near Gale

    Sea heaps up and white foam blown in streaks along the direction of the wind

    Rough

    4.0m

    8

    34 - 40

    Gale

    Moderately high waves, crests begin to break into spindrift

    Very Rough

    5.5m

    9

    41 - 47

    Strong Gale

    High waves. Dense foam along the direction of the wind. Crests of waves begin to roll over. Spray may affect visibility

    High

    7.5m

    10

    48 - 55

    Storm

    Very high waves with long overhanging crests. The surface of the sea takes a white appearance. The tumbling of the sea becomes heavy and shock like. Visibility affected

    Very High

    11.5m

    11

    56 - 63

    Violent Storm

    Exceptionally high waves. The sea is completely covered with long white patches of foam lying in the direction of the wind. Visibility affected

    		  

    12

    64+

    Hurricane

    The air is filled with foam and spray. Sea completely white with driving spray. Visibility very seriously affected.

    		  

     

  10. Mayday message
    11.

    Mayday, Mayday, Mayday

    This is: name of Vessel *3

    Mayday: name of Vessel

    MMSI – 123456

    My position is Lat/Lon or bearing & distance from landmark

    Nature of distress

    Intentions

    Assistance Required

    Number of Persons on Board

    Over

     

  11. Position fix expressed as a bearing(s) and from

  12. Other distress signals
    1. SOS by any means
    2. Red Rockets
    3. Red parachute Flares
    4. Red handheld Flare
    5. Orange smoke
    6. Raising and lowering arms
    7. Gunfire
    8. Long blasts on Foghorn
    9. Fire or Smoke
    10. Ball & Square flag
    11. International code flags C & N

     

  13. Light abbreviations
    1. F – Fixed
    2. Fl –Flashing
    3. LFl – Long Flash
    4. Q – Quick
    5. VQ – Very Quick
    6. R – Red
    7. G – Green
    8. RW – Red & White
    9. B – Black
    10. Y – Yellow
    11. ISO – isophase – equal light and dark
    12. Occ- Occulting more light than dark
    13. Fl – more dark than light

  14. Buoyage
    1. IALA A – going in to port: port Left starboard Right
    2. Port – Red
    3. Starboard – Green
    4. Safe Water – Red& White
    5. Isolated Danger – Black, Red, Black
    6. Cardinal – lights white
      1. N – Black top, Yellow Bottom – Q or VQ continuous
      2. S – Yellow top, Black Bottom – 6Q or VQ 1 long
      3. W – Black Waist – 9Q or VQ
      4. E – Yellow Waist – 3Q or VQ
    7. Special Marks – Yellow
      1. Topmark Cross
      2. Lights yellow

  15. Approaching a Cardinal
    1. Pass to North of the North cardinal
    2. Pass to East of the East cardinal
    3. Pass to West of the West Cardinal
    4. Pass to South of the South Cardinal

 

  1. Remember
    2.
                

True

Virgins

Make

Dull

Companions

True

Variation

Magnetic

Deviation

Compass

 

 

 

    1. Variation West Compass Best (higher)
    2. Variation East Compass Least (lower)
    3. Deviation West Compass Best (higher)
    4. Deviation East compass Least (lower)

 

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